TypeScript overview

TypeScript is a statically-typed superset of JavaScript developed by Microsoft that compiles to plain JavaScript. Its structural type system, generics, union/intersection types, template literal types, and conditional types provide fine-grained type safety for large codebases. TypeScript is the de facto standard for React, Node.js, and Deno applications. The tsc compiler and ts-morph AST manipulation library enable sophisticated code generation and refactoring. Declaration files (.d.ts) allow typing third-party JavaScript libraries via DefinitelyTyped. Bundlers (Vite, esbuild, Rollup) strip types at build time. TypeScript's type system is Turing-complete, enabling advanced type-level programming.