R overview

R is an open-source language and environment for statistical computing, data analysis, and visualization. It was developed at Bell Labs (as S) and is now maintained by the R Foundation. R excels at exploratory data analysis, classical statistics, and publication-quality graphics. The tidyverse (dplyr, ggplot2, tidyr, purrr, readr) provides a coherent framework for data manipulation and visualization. The Bioconductor project extends R for genomics and bioinformatics. R Markdown and Quarto enable reproducible research documents that weave code and narrative. Shiny builds interactive web applications directly from R. R is commonly used alongside Python in data science teams, with reticulate enabling interoperability.